天麻道地产区的形成与变迁(1)
[摘要]天麻在我国已有2 000多年应用历史，为名贵中药材。天麻产地最早的记载为魏晋时期《吴普本草》所述的山东泰山和河南嵩山，并一直以山东泰安及其周边地区为道地产区，但从民国开始天麻产地发生了较大变化，道地产区向西迁移到西南地区。因此该文通过文献考证和实地走访调查，探讨分析了天麻道地产区的形成过程与产地变迁情况，介绍了天麻人工栽培历史和当前主流产地，并从自然、社会、交通、人文和种质资源方面分析了天麻道地产区形成和产地变迁的原因，从而为天麻质量评价和栽培生产研究提供参考。
[关键词]天麻； 本草考证； 道地产区； 栽培产区； 产地变迁
Study on formation and changes of Daodi herbs production
origin of Gastrodia elata
LIU Dahui1， GONG Wenling1， ZHAN Zhilai2， PENG Huasheng3， WANG Xiao4，CHEN Keli1， HUANG Bisheng1*， GUO Lanping 2*
, 百拇医药
(1Pharmacy Faculty， Hubei University of Chinese Medicine， Wuhan 430065， China；
2 State Key Laboratory of Daodi Herbs， Institute of Chinese Material Medica， China Academy of Chinese Material
Science， Beijing 100700， China；
3 Pharmacy Faculty， Anhui University of Chinese Medicine， Hefei 230012， China；
4 Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Control Technology， Shandong Analysis and Test Center，Ji′nan 250014， China)
, 百拇医药
[Abstract]Gastrodia elata has been used in China for more than 2 000 years and it is a kind of valuable traditional Chinese medicine The originrecords of G elata were Mount Tai of Shandong and and Mount Song of Henan， which began in Wupu Bencao of Wei Jin Dynasties， and Tai′an and its surrounding areas had been the Dodi herbs production areas But from the beginning of the Republic of China， G elata origin has undergone major changes， Dodi herbs production areas moved westward to the southwestIn this paper，through literature research and field visits， we studied the formation and changes of Dodi herbs production areas of G elata The cultivation history and current main producing area of G elata was also introduced On this basis， we profoundly summarized the reasons of Dodi herbs production areas formation and changes from the nature， society， transportation， humanities and germplasm resourcesCombining the ancient herbal medicine and the characteristics of modern producing areas， the planting strength of G elata could be strengthened in the hope of providing reference for the quality evaluation and cultivation of G elata.
, 百拇医药
[Key words]Gastrodia elata； herbalogical study； Dodi herbs production origin； cultivated area； changes of producing areas
天麻Gastrodia elata Bl為兰科天麻属植物，以赤箭之名始载于《神农本草经》[1]，并列为上品，以后历代本草均有记载，在我国已有2 000多年应用历史，为我国名贵中药材。长期以来，天麻一直以野生药材入药，并从魏晋时期就以山东泰安及其周边地区为道地产区并延续至明清。近现代，因药材需求量大幅上升，导致野生天麻资源大量采挖而逐步衰竭，从20世纪70年代开始天麻逐步转为人工栽培，其道地产区由于朝代更替和人文与自然环境变化而发生较大变化，现以云南昭通、陕西汉中、湖北宜昌、安徽六安和贵州大方为天麻主流产区。本文通过对历代本草文献进行考证，结合现在野生和栽培产区的实地走访，对天麻道地产区形成和变迁进行梳理分析，并对天麻人工栽培历史进行总结，在此基础上从自然、社会、交通、人文和种质资源方面探讨了天麻道地产区形成与发生变迁的原因，从而为天麻质量评价和栽培生产研究提供借鉴。, 百拇医药(刘大会龚文玲詹志来 彭华胜 王晓陈科力 黄必胜 郭兰萍)
[关键词]天麻； 本草考证； 道地产区； 栽培产区； 产地变迁
Study on formation and changes of Daodi herbs production
origin of Gastrodia elata
LIU Dahui1， GONG Wenling1， ZHAN Zhilai2， PENG Huasheng3， WANG Xiao4，CHEN Keli1， HUANG Bisheng1*， GUO Lanping 2*
, 百拇医药
(1Pharmacy Faculty， Hubei University of Chinese Medicine， Wuhan 430065， China；
2 State Key Laboratory of Daodi Herbs， Institute of Chinese Material Medica， China Academy of Chinese Material
Science， Beijing 100700， China；
3 Pharmacy Faculty， Anhui University of Chinese Medicine， Hefei 230012， China；
4 Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Control Technology， Shandong Analysis and Test Center，Ji′nan 250014， China)
, 百拇医药
[Abstract]Gastrodia elata has been used in China for more than 2 000 years and it is a kind of valuable traditional Chinese medicine The originrecords of G elata were Mount Tai of Shandong and and Mount Song of Henan， which began in Wupu Bencao of Wei Jin Dynasties， and Tai′an and its surrounding areas had been the Dodi herbs production areas But from the beginning of the Republic of China， G elata origin has undergone major changes， Dodi herbs production areas moved westward to the southwestIn this paper，through literature research and field visits， we studied the formation and changes of Dodi herbs production areas of G elata The cultivation history and current main producing area of G elata was also introduced On this basis， we profoundly summarized the reasons of Dodi herbs production areas formation and changes from the nature， society， transportation， humanities and germplasm resourcesCombining the ancient herbal medicine and the characteristics of modern producing areas， the planting strength of G elata could be strengthened in the hope of providing reference for the quality evaluation and cultivation of G elata.
, 百拇医药
[Key words]Gastrodia elata； herbalogical study； Dodi herbs production origin； cultivated area； changes of producing areas
天麻Gastrodia elata Bl為兰科天麻属植物，以赤箭之名始载于《神农本草经》[1]，并列为上品，以后历代本草均有记载，在我国已有2 000多年应用历史，为我国名贵中药材。长期以来，天麻一直以野生药材入药，并从魏晋时期就以山东泰安及其周边地区为道地产区并延续至明清。近现代，因药材需求量大幅上升，导致野生天麻资源大量采挖而逐步衰竭，从20世纪70年代开始天麻逐步转为人工栽培，其道地产区由于朝代更替和人文与自然环境变化而发生较大变化，现以云南昭通、陕西汉中、湖北宜昌、安徽六安和贵州大方为天麻主流产区。本文通过对历代本草文献进行考证，结合现在野生和栽培产区的实地走访，对天麻道地产区形成和变迁进行梳理分析，并对天麻人工栽培历史进行总结，在此基础上从自然、社会、交通、人文和种质资源方面探讨了天麻道地产区形成与发生变迁的原因，从而为天麻质量评价和栽培生产研究提供借鉴。, 百拇医药(刘大会龚文玲詹志来 彭华胜 王晓陈科力 黄必胜 郭兰萍)