初产妇母乳喂养自我效能的影响因素分析(1)
[摘要]目的 了解初产妇母乳喂养自我效能现状及其影响因素。方法 采用随机抽样法选取2018年7～9月广东地区三所医院的233名初产妇作為研究对象，采用汉化版母乳喂养自我效能量表进行调查。结果 初产妇母乳喂养自我效能得分为(95.55±28.78)分，低于国际常模。产妇不同年龄、居住环境、产后食欲、乳汁分泌、计划母乳喂养时间情况下的技能评价、内心活动及自我效能总得分比较，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示，居住环境、产后食欲、乳汁分泌情况及计划母乳喂养时间均是影响初产妇母乳喂养自我效能的相关因素(P<0.05)，4个自变量预测力为28.8%(R2=0.288)。结论 初产妇母乳喂养自我效能受到居住环境、产后食欲、乳汁分泌情况和计划母乳喂养时间的影响，应尽早对初产妇实施综合化的护理干预措施。
[关键词]母乳喂养;母乳喂养自我效能;初产妇;影响因素
[中图分类号] R473.71 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)8(b)-0162-04
[Abstract] Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of breastfeeding self-efficacy among primiparous women. Methods A total of 233 primiparous women from three hospitals in Guangdong from July to September in 2018 were selected as subjects according to the random sampling method， and the Chinese version of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale was used for investigation. Results The self-efficacy score of breastfeeding in primipara was (95.55±28.78) points， which was lower than that of the international norm. There were significant differences in scores of skill evaluation， inner activity and total self-efficacy in different age， living environment， postpartum appetite， milk secretion and planned breastfeeding time (P<0.05). Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed that living environment， postpartum appetite， milk secretion and planned breastfeeding time were all related factors influencing the self-efficacy of primipara breastfeeding (P<0.05)， and the predictive power of 4 independent variables was 28.8% (R2=0.288). Conclusion The breastfeeding self-efficacy among primiparous women is affected by the living environment， postpartum appetite， milk secretion and planned breastfeeding time. Comprehensive nursing interventions should be implemented for primiparous women as soon as possible.
[Key words] Breastfeeding; Breastfeeding self-efficacy; Primiparous women; Influencing factors
自20世纪开始，母乳喂养的优越性以及重要性便得到了医学领域研究者的一致认可。母乳喂养是公认的最适合婴儿生长发育需要的食物，其在促进婴儿健康成长、提高人口素质方面有重要的价值[1-2]。世界卫生组织倡导，6个月内的婴儿应进行纯母乳喂养，此后，继续母乳喂养直至2年。促进母乳喂养已经成为全球性目标。然而，我国6个月龄的婴儿纯母乳喂养率仅为21.6%[3]。研究[4-5]发现，母乳喂养自我效能对产妇母乳喂养行为有预测作用，是影响母乳喂养持续时间的重要因素。本研究通过对233名初产妇进行问卷调查，旨在了解初产妇母乳喂养自我效能现状及其影响因素，为有效指导产妇母乳喂养，提高母婴生活质量提供一定的理论依据，现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
采用随机抽样法选取2018年7～9月广东省三个市三家医院的233名初产妇作为研究对象。纳入标准：①初产妇，足月、单胎妊娠，受孕年龄>18岁;②自愿进行母乳喂养;③意识清楚，有一定的沟通和表达能力，能够听、读、写中文;④进行过正规的孕期检查。排除标准：①有禁忌母乳喂养的急慢性传染病;②有丰胸手术史者;③有精神疾患不能正常哺乳者;④拒绝配合调查者。研究人员确保参与问卷调查产妇的个人隐私不泄漏，产妇遵循自愿原则参与本次调查，享有随时退出研究的权利。本研究经广东医科大学附属医院医学伦理委员会审核批准。, http://www.100md.com(石树祥 林慧琪 陈晓诗 周晨慧)
[关键词]母乳喂养;母乳喂养自我效能;初产妇;影响因素
[中图分类号] R473.71 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)8(b)-0162-04
[Abstract] Objective To understand the current status and influencing factors of breastfeeding self-efficacy among primiparous women. Methods A total of 233 primiparous women from three hospitals in Guangdong from July to September in 2018 were selected as subjects according to the random sampling method， and the Chinese version of the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale was used for investigation. Results The self-efficacy score of breastfeeding in primipara was (95.55±28.78) points， which was lower than that of the international norm. There were significant differences in scores of skill evaluation， inner activity and total self-efficacy in different age， living environment， postpartum appetite， milk secretion and planned breastfeeding time (P<0.05). Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis showed that living environment， postpartum appetite， milk secretion and planned breastfeeding time were all related factors influencing the self-efficacy of primipara breastfeeding (P<0.05)， and the predictive power of 4 independent variables was 28.8% (R2=0.288). Conclusion The breastfeeding self-efficacy among primiparous women is affected by the living environment， postpartum appetite， milk secretion and planned breastfeeding time. Comprehensive nursing interventions should be implemented for primiparous women as soon as possible.
[Key words] Breastfeeding; Breastfeeding self-efficacy; Primiparous women; Influencing factors
自20世纪开始，母乳喂养的优越性以及重要性便得到了医学领域研究者的一致认可。母乳喂养是公认的最适合婴儿生长发育需要的食物，其在促进婴儿健康成长、提高人口素质方面有重要的价值[1-2]。世界卫生组织倡导，6个月内的婴儿应进行纯母乳喂养，此后，继续母乳喂养直至2年。促进母乳喂养已经成为全球性目标。然而，我国6个月龄的婴儿纯母乳喂养率仅为21.6%[3]。研究[4-5]发现，母乳喂养自我效能对产妇母乳喂养行为有预测作用，是影响母乳喂养持续时间的重要因素。本研究通过对233名初产妇进行问卷调查，旨在了解初产妇母乳喂养自我效能现状及其影响因素，为有效指导产妇母乳喂养，提高母婴生活质量提供一定的理论依据，现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
采用随机抽样法选取2018年7～9月广东省三个市三家医院的233名初产妇作为研究对象。纳入标准：①初产妇，足月、单胎妊娠，受孕年龄>18岁;②自愿进行母乳喂养;③意识清楚，有一定的沟通和表达能力，能够听、读、写中文;④进行过正规的孕期检查。排除标准：①有禁忌母乳喂养的急慢性传染病;②有丰胸手术史者;③有精神疾患不能正常哺乳者;④拒绝配合调查者。研究人员确保参与问卷调查产妇的个人隐私不泄漏，产妇遵循自愿原则参与本次调查，享有随时退出研究的权利。本研究经广东医科大学附属医院医学伦理委员会审核批准。, http://www.100md.com(石树祥 林慧琪 陈晓诗 周晨慧)